Before performance is satisfied, unearned revenue is recorded as which type of account?

• A. Asset
• B. Revenue
• C. Liability
• D. Equity

Answer: (C)

When cash is collected before the goods or services are delivered, the situation creates an obligation to perform in the future. That obligation is recorded as unearned revenue, which is classified as a liability. It represents a duty the company must fulfill; until the performance occurs, the company owes something to the customer, so the account sits on the liability side of the balance sheet.

Think of it this way: the company has already received value in cash, but it hasn’t yet earned it by providing the promised goods or services. Therefore, it cannot recognize revenue yet. Only after the performance obligation is satisfied does the liability decrease and revenue get recognized. This is why unearned revenue is a liability before the performance is satisfied.